Peru isn’t just Machu Picchu, it’s a country of vibrant festivals, ancient wonders, and unmatched diversity. This travel to Peru guide will help you prepare for the journey of a lifetime.
Geography: Peru’s Diverse Landscapes
Peru: The Land of a Thousand Climates
Peru stands as one of the most climatically diverse nations on Earth. According to the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru , the country encompasses 27 of the 32 global climate types identified by the Thornthwaite classification system. This extraordinary variety arises from Peru’s complex topography, which includes coastal deserts, towering Andean peaks, and expansive Amazonian rainforests. Such diversity results in a multitude of microclimates localized climate zones with distinct weather patterns.
These microclimates have profoundly influenced Peru’s cultural and ecological development. Ancient civilizations, like the Incas, ingeniously adapted to these varied environments, constructing agricultural terraces that capitalized on the unique conditions of each zone. Today, travelers can experience this climatic mosaic firsthand: from the arid dunes of Ica to the misty cloud forests of the Amazon basin, each region offers a distinct atmosphere and set of experiences. For instance, the Sacred Valley near Cusco enjoys a temperate climate ideal for agriculture and exploration, while the high-altitude city of Puno experiences colder temperatures and occasional snowfall.
Understanding Peru’s microclimates is essential for travelers seeking to fully appreciate the country’s rich tapestry of environments. Whether you’re trekking through the sun-drenched trails of the Andes, navigating the humid pathways of the Amazon, or exploring the cool highland regions, being prepared for varying weather conditions enhances the travel experience. This climatic complexity not only adds to Peru’s allure but also underscores the importance of sustainable tourism practices that respect and preserve its diverse ecosystems.
Essential Topics
A. Documentation and Entry requirements
1. Do You Need a Visa to Enter Peru?
Peru has visa-free agreements with many countries. Here’s a quick breakdown:
- No visa required (up to 90 days for tourism):
Citizens of the United States, Canada, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and many South American countries can enter Peru without a visa for up to 90 days. - Visa required:
Citizens of countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China (except those with a US/Schengen visa), Cuba, and most African nations must apply for a tourist visa at a Peruvian consulate.
👉 Pro tip: Always check the official Peruvian embassy website in your country for the most up-to-date information, as visa policies can change in your country for the most up-to-date information, as visa policies can change.
2. Passport Validity and Entry Conditions
This travel to Peru guide recommends: Your passport must be valid 6+ months beyond arrival.
At immigration, you may be asked to show:
- Proof of onward or return ticket
- Hotel booking or address of stay
- Sufficient funds for the duration of your visit
3. Vaccination Requirements
While no vaccines are mandatory for entry into Peru, the Yellow Fever vaccine is highly recommended (and sometimes required) if you’re traveling to the Amazon rainforest or jungle areas such as:
- Iquitos (Loreto)
- Puerto Maldonado (Madre de Dios)
- Manu National Park
- Tambopata Reserve
💉 Yellow Fever vaccine should be taken at least 10 days before travel, and the certificate is valid for life.
Other recommended vaccines:
- Hepatitis A & B
- Typhoid
- Tetanus
- Rabies (if doing wildlife activities or traveling to rural areas)
B. Best Time to Visit: Travel to Peru Guide by Region
Although we mentioned in the Geography Section that Peru has over 28 microclimates, this travel to Peru guide simplifies timing by focusing on its three main regions: coast, highlands, and rainforest. Here’s what you need to know depending on your destination:
The coast (Lima, Paracas, Trujillo, Nazca)
- Summer (December to April):
The best time to visit the coast. Expect sunny skies, warm temperatures, and great conditions for beaches and ocean tours (like the Ballestas Islands or surfing in Máncora). - Winter (May to November):
Lima and most coastal areas experience dense fog and drizzle, known locally as La Garúa. While temperatures are mild (15–19°C / 59–66°F), sunshine is rare during this period.
Recommendation: If you’re planning to enjoy the coast, aim for summer months for a better experience.
The Highlands (Cusco, Sacred Valley, Arequipa, Puno)
- Dry Season (May to October):
This is the ideal time to visit Machu Picchu, go trekking (Inca Trail, Salkantay), or explore Lake Titicaca. Days are sunny and dry, although nights can be cold—especially in June and July. - Rainy Season (November to April):
Frequent rain showers, muddy trails, and cloud cover can impact views at key sites. However, the landscape becomes lush and green, and crowds are fewer in some areas.
Tip: For the most stable weather, this Peru travel guide suggests planning highland adventures between May and September.
The Amazon Rainforest (Puerto Maldonado, Iquitos, Manu)
- Dry Season (May to October):
Considered the best time to explore the Amazon. Rivers are lower, making trails more accessible and reducing the presence of mosquitoes. Wildlife spotting is also better near water sources. - Wet Season (November to April):
Heavy rains can cause river flooding, limit access to remote areas, and increase mosquito activity. However, bird activity is high, and the jungle becomes incredibly vibrant.
Best window: Travel to the rainforest between June and August for the most comfortable conditions.
C. Money and costs
Planning your budget is an essential part of preparing for your journey to Peru. While the country remains relatively affordable compared to many Western destinations, understanding how money works locally can help you travel more comfortably and avoid unexpected surprises.
Currency and Exchange
Peru’s official currency is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). U.S. dollars are widely accepted in hotels, upscale restaurants, and tour agencies, especially in cities like Lima, Cusco, and Arequipa. However, in smaller towns or remote areas such as the Sacred Valley or the Amazon, it is advisable to carry local currency in cash.
Currency exchange is available at:
- Banks and exchange houses (casas de cambio) in major cities
- Some ATMs, which dispense soles or U.S. dollars
- If ATM use is mandatory try searching for the ones called Multired, Banco de la nacion, they wont charge a commission fee
- Avoid exchanging money at airports unless absolutely necessary, as the rates are less favorable
Tip: Always carry small denominations when shopping in markets or paying taxis, as change can be hard to obtain.
Credit Cards vs. Cash
Credit and debit cards are accepted in most hotels, restaurants, and tourist shops. Visa is the most widely accepted, followed by MasterCard. In more rural areas, or in smaller establishments, cash remains king.
- ATMs are widely available in urban areas. It is recommended to notify your bank in advance and confirm international transaction fees.
- Your Peru travel guide reminder: Always carry cash for rural areas (Sacred Valley, Amazon)or to entry fees, small purchases, tips, or emergencies.
Tipping Guidelines
Tipping is not mandatory in Peru, but it is appreciated for good service. As a general guide:
- Tour guides: 10-20 USD per person, per day
- Drivers: 5-10 USD per person, per day
- Hotel staff: 2-5 USD for bellhops or housekeeping
- Trekkings: 40-50 USD per group, 40 USD to porters, 50 USD
Having coins and small bills makes tipping easier and more convenient.
D. Health and Safety
Traveling in Peru is a rewarding experience, but understanding a few key health and safety tips can make a significant difference, especially for mature travelers and families seeking peace of mind. From the effects of altitude to safe neighborhoods in major cities, the following guidelines will help you stay healthy and protected throughout your trip.
Altitude Sickness (Soroche)
One of the most common concerns for travelers visiting the Andean region is altitude sickness, especially in cities like Cusco (3,400 m / 11,155 ft) or Puno (3,800 m / 12,467 ft). Symptoms can include headaches, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue, and insomnia.
How to prevent and manage it:
- Take it easy on arrival. As recommended in this travel to Peru guide, plan a day of light activity when you first reach high altitude.
- Stay hydrated with water and herbal teas.
- Drink coca tea (mate de coca), a traditional remedy used for centuries by locals.
- Ask your doctor about Acetazolamide (Diamox) before travel, especially if you’ve experienced altitude sickness before.
- Avoid alcohol and heavy meals during your first day at elevation.
Tip: Consider spending your first night in the Sacred Valley (approx. 2,800 m / 9,186 ft) rather than Cusco. The lower elevation makes acclimatization easier.
Drinking Water and Food Safety
Peruvian tap water is not safe to drink. Always opt for:
- Bottled water (readily available and affordable)
- Filtered or boiled water provided by hotels
- Water purification tablets or a SteriPEN for trekking or jungle trips
Avoid raw vegetables and unpeeled fruits if you’re unsure of washing practices. In markets or street food stalls, choose freshly cooked food served hot. Our guides will never put you in risk
Tip: Bring a reusable water bottle and refill it with filtered water to reduce plastic use.
Safe Neighborhoods
In general, Peru is a safe country for tourists, especially in areas that cater to international travelers. However, like in any country, caution and awareness go a long way.
Safe areas for tourists:
- Lima: Miraflores, Barranco, San Isidro
- Cusco: Historic center, San Blas, Avenida El Sol
- Arequipa: Plaza de Armas and surroundings
Areas to avoid, especially at night:
- Callao (Lima’s port district)
- Isolated streets in major cities after dark
- Desolate bus terminals late at night
Tip: Use only official taxis or ride-share apps like Uber, Cabify, InDrive or Didi. Avoid hailing taxis off the street, especially at night.
Emergency Medical Services
- Peru has modern private clinics in major cities like Lima and Cusco, with English-speaking doctors and international assistance services.
- For remote areas such as the Amazon or Colca Canyon, medical services may be limited, so ensure you have travel insurance that covers medical evacuation if needed.
- Pharmacies – Drug Stores (farmacias) are common and well-stocked. Many medications are available without a prescription, but it is still advisable to carry your own supply of essential medicines.
Vaccinations and Health Recommendations
Other recommendations listed in Vaccination Requirementes
- Yellow fever vaccine is strongly recommended (and sometimes required) for those visiting the Amazon regions (Puerto Maldonado, Iquitos, Manu).
- Routine vaccines (such as tetanus, hepatitis A, and typhoid) should be up to date.
- Mosquito-borne illnesses, such as dengue or Zika, can occur in lowland jungle regions. Use repellent with DEET, wear long sleeves, and sleep with a mosquito net if necessary.
E. Transportation in Peru
Peru’s transportation infrastructure offers a variety of options for exploring the country, from domestic flights to luxury buses and scenic train journeys. Knowing what to expect in each mode of travel will help you plan efficiently and comfortably.
Domestic Flights
Given Peru’s vast geography, domestic flights are the most time-efficient way to travel between major cities and regions.
- Recommended routes:
- Lima to Cusco (1 hour 20 minutes)
- Lima to Arequipa, Puno (Juliaca), or Iquitos
- Airlines: LATAM, SKY Airline, JetSMART
- Book in advance to secure the best rates.
- Most flights depart from Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima.
Tip: Plan flights in the morning to reduce the risk of delays due to weather in the Andes.
Trains: Scenic and Comfortable
Trains are not widespread in Peru, but the available routes are some of the most scenic in South America.
- Cusco to Machu Picchu:
- Operators: PeruRail and Inca Rail
- Classes: From budget-friendly to luxury options (e.g., Belmond Hiram Bingham)
- Many services offer panoramic windows, snacks, and live music onboard.
- Puno to Cusco:
- PeruRail’s Titicaca Train offers a luxurious 10-hour journey with dining cars and an open-air observatory car.
Tip: Book your train to Machu Picchu early, especially during the high season (May to September), as seats fill up quickly.
Long-Distance Buses
Buses in Peru are an excellent choice for travelers who prefer to take in the landscapes and avoid flying.
- Recommended companies: Cruz del Sur, Oltursa, CIVA
- These offer VIP services with reclining seats, meals, air conditioning, and onboard bathrooms.
- Popular routes:
- Lima to Huaraz (8–9 hours)
- Arequipa to Puno (6 hours)
- Cusco to Puno (7 hours)
Tip: Choose “cama” (full recline) or “semi-cama” (140-degree recline) seats for overnight journeys.
Local Transportation
- Taxis: Avoid unofficial taxis. Instead, use apps like Uber, Cabify, or Taxi Beat for safety and transparency.
- Buses and “combis”: These are best avoided by unfamiliar travelers due to unclear routes and overcrowding.
- Private drivers or tours: Ideal for families or couples seeking comfort and flexibility. Many agencies offer door-to-door service with English-speaking guides.
Getting Around Machu Picchu
Once in Aguas Calientes (the town at the base of Machu Picchu), you can:
- Walk up to the citadel (1.5 to 2 hours – strenuous)
- Take the official shuttle bus, which departs regularly and reaches the entrance in 25 minutes
Tip: Book bus and Machu Picchu entrance tickets ahead of time. Entry is timed and regulated.
Travel Tips for Mature Travelers
- Leave ample buffer time between connections.
- Always carry a copy of your ID and travel insurance.
- In rural or mountainous regions, roads may be winding. If you are prone to motion sickness, bring appropriate medication.
- For ease, consider private transfers between hotels, airports, and train stations, particularly if traveling with luggage or in a group.
F. Culture and Etiquette in Peru
Understanding and respecting local customs can enrich your travel experience and foster meaningful connections with Peruvians. While Peruvians are generally warm and welcoming, observing certain cultural norms will help you feel more comfortable and be received positively.
Greetings and Social Interactions
- Common greetings include a handshake or a kiss on the right cheek, depending on the level of familiarity. Among strangers or in formal settings, a handshake is preferred.
Punctuality
- In social situations, being a bit late is generally tolerated. However, for tours, transportation, or professional meetings, punctuality is expected. Arrive 10–15 minutes early for guided experiences.
Photography Etiquette
- Always ask for permission before photographing people, especially in Indigenous communities.
- Some individuals may request a small tip in exchange for a photo, especially if wearing traditional attire.
- Avoid taking pictures during religious ceremonies or inside churches unless it is explicitly allowed.
Language and Communication
- Spanish is the official language, but Quechua and Aymara are spoken in many Andean and highland regions.
- Speaking slowly and clearly in Spanish is appreciated; many locals understand basic English in tourist areas.
- Learning a few phrases in Quechua (e.g., “Allillanchu” = Hello, “Sulpayki” = Thank you) is a sign of respect and often delights locals.
Personal Space and Gestures
- Peruvians generally stand closer to each other during conversations than many North Americans or Europeans might be used to.
- Avoid pointing at people or objects with your index finger—use your whole hand or chin instead.
- Excessive public displays of affection are best avoided, especially in rural areas.
G. Must-Try Peruvian Cuisine
Peru has earned its reputation as one of the world’s leading culinary destinations. this travel to Peru guide describes a cuisine influenced by a fusion of Indigenous, Spanish, African, and Asian traditions. Whether you’re dining in a high-end restaurant or enjoying a meal in a local market, the culinary experience is bound to be a highlight of your trip.
Signature Dishes You Shouldn’t Miss
- Ceviche: Peru’s national dish, this is fresh fish cured in lime juice with red onion, cilantro, and chili.
- Lomo Saltado: A Chinese-Peruvian stir-fry of marinated beef, onions, tomatoes, and soy sauce.
- Aji de Gallina: A comforting chicken stew in a creamy yellow chili sauce.
- Rocoto Relleno: A spicy stuffed pepper often filled with ground beef and egg
Unique Regional Specialties
- Cuy Chactado (Fried Guinea Pig): A traditional Andean delicacy, often served during festivals or in rural communities.
- Pachamanca: A festive dish cooked underground with hot stones, consisting of meats, potatoes, corn, and herbs. It’s commonly prepared in the Sacred Valley or during cultural experiences.
For the Adventurous
- Anticuchos: Grilled beef heart skewers, a popular street food.
- Chicha Morada: A sweet, non-alcoholic drink made from purple corn, cinnamon, and cloves.
Dining Tips
- Tap water is not safe to drink. Always opt for bottled or filtered water.
- Many restaurants offer “menú del día” (daily fixed menus), which include a starter, main dish, and drink at an affordable price.
- Peru is very accommodating to vegetarian, vegan, and gluten-free diets, especially in tourist hubs like Cusco and Lima. Always clarify your dietary needs when ordering.
Recommended Dining Spots
- Fine Dining in Lima: Try world-renowned restaurants such as Maido (Nikkei fusion) and Central (ranked among the best in the world).
- Markets in Cusco: Visit San Pedro Market for an authentic local experience—try fresh juices, soups, and street snacks.
- Sacred Valley Experiences: Enjoy farm-to-table meals and Pachamanca feasts in places like Urubamba or Ollantaytambo.
I. What to Pack for Peru
Packing for Peru requires thoughtful planning, especially due to its varied geography and climates. Whether you’re heading to the high Andes, the humid Amazon rainforest, or the coastal capital of Lima, layering and adaptability are key.
First and foremost, consider the region and season. For trips to the highlands (Cusco, Puno, Sacred Valley), pack warm layers including thermal shirts, fleece jackets, and a windproof outer shell, especially between May and September. Temperatures can drop significantly at night even if it’s warm during the day. A good-quality sun hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen are essential, as UV rays at high altitude are strong even on cloudy days. As this travel to Peru guide highlights, packing layers is essential when visiting both the Andes and the Amazon.
The jungle
If you’re heading into the Amazon region, such as Puerto Maldonado or Manu, lightweight long-sleeved shirts and quick-dry trousers will help protect you from insects while keeping you cool. Don’t forget insect repellent, ideally with DEET, and a rain poncho or lightweight waterproof jacket, as tropical showers can occur even in the dry season.
Sturdy walking shoes or hiking boots are a must for treks or archaeological site visits, while sandals or slip-ons will be convenient for hotel stays or travel days. Also consider packing a daypack, refillable water bottle, camera, and binoculars if you’re interested in birdwatching.
In addition to clothing, your bag should include a basic travel pharmacy: altitude sickness tablets (e.g., acetazolamide), motion sickness remedies for winding roads or boat trips, anti-diarrheal medication, and anything prescribed. In remote areas, pharmacies may not have what you need.
Peru uses 220V electricity with Type A and C outlets, so bring a universal adapter. Wi-Fi is widely available in urban hotels and restaurants, but less reliable in remote lodges or highland communities, so consider downloading offline maps or travel apps in advance.
Lastly, don’t forget your passport (required for train and Machu Picchu entry), printed travel confirmations, and some U.S. dollars or Peruvian soles in small denominations, especially for tips or local purchases in rural areas.
J. Connectivity in Peru
Staying connected in Peru is increasingly accessible, though service levels vary depending on the region. While urban centers offer stable internet and mobile coverage, remote areas—especially in the Andes and Amazon, may have limited or no service. As part of this travel to Peru guide, understanding how connectivity works across regions will help you prepare accordingly.
Mobile Network and SIM Cards
Purchasing a local SIM card is one of the most cost-effective ways to stay connected.
- Claro and Movistar are the most widely used providers. Both offer decent coverage in cities and tourist hubs.
- For Amazon and highland regions, Claro generally has better rural reach.
- SIM cards cost around $3–5 USD, and prepaid data plans can be added at kiosks, airports, or convenience stores.
- You’ll need to present your passport to register your SIM card, as required by Peruvian law.
Tip: Ensure your phone is unlocked before traveling.
Wi-Fi Access
Wi-Fi is available in:
- Most hotels, cafés, and restaurants in cities like Lima, Cusco, Arequipa, and Puno.
- Some airport lounges and tourist buses may also offer free access.
- However, connections can be inconsistent or slow outside of urban centers.
In rural or off-the-grid destinations, like Amantani Island or jungle lodges in Manu or Tambopata, expect no connection for extended periods. Inform family or contacts in advance if you’ll be offline.
Offline Tools and Backup Options
To ensure continued access to key travel details:
- Download offline maps via Google Maps or Maps.me for navigation without data.
- Use apps like Google Translate and TripIt or store PDFs of reservations for offline reference.
- Portable power banks and solar chargers are useful in areas with limited electricity access.
Internet Cafés and Public Access Points
Although less common today, internet cafés (cabinas de internet) still exist in smaller towns and are affordable (around $0.50 USD per hour). These can be a backup if you lose mobile service or need to print documents.
J. Recommended Tours and Activities
Peru offers a wide range of tours and experiences suitable for different interests and travel styles. Whether you’re drawn to archaeology, nature, or cultural immersion, planning a few guided activities in advance can significantly enrich your trip.
Iconic Destinations
These are some of the most visited and culturally significant places in Peru. Most organized tours include transportation, guides, and entry tickets.
- Machu Picchu: The crown jewel of Peru’s historical attractions. You can reach it via train or trek. Guided tours offer context and ensure entry quotas. A must-do from any Peru travel guide.
- Sacred Valley: A day trip from Cusco covering Pisaq, Ollantaytambo, and Chinchero, often paired with lunch at a local farm.
- Lake Titicaca: A boat tour to the Uros floating islands and Taquile gives insight into ancient lake cultures. Overnight stays are available through responsible tourism cooperatives.
Unique Experiences
These options provide a deeper connection with nature or local traditions. They are ideal for families, couples, and mature travelers seeking something more intimate or hands-on.
- Pachamanca lunch: A traditional Andean meal cooked underground with hot stones, available in Sacred Valley lodges.
- Textile workshops: Learn about natural dyes and weaving techniques from Indigenous artisans in communities like Patacancha or Huilloc.
- Amazon jungle lodges: Multi-day stays in protected areas such as Tambopata or Manu include guided canoe trips, wildlife watching, and forest walks.
Responsible Tourism Tips
Choosing the right operator ensures safety and supports local development.
- Look for companies that highlight small groups, licensed guides, and fair treatment of porters or staff.
- Avoid tours that promote wildlife shows or animal rides, particularly in the Amazon.
- Read recent reviews and confirm cancellation policies, especially if traveling during the rainy season.
Final Thoughts: Ready to Discover Peru?
Planning a trip to Peru can feel overwhelming given the country’s vast cultural wealth, diverse geography, and unique logistics. However, with the right preparation and local insight, your journey will be smooth, enriching, and unforgettable. Whether you’re dreaming of Machu Picchu, the Amazon rainforest, colonial cities, or highland markets, this destination offers something meaningful for every type of traveler.
By understanding practical topics like when to visit, how to stay connected, what to pack, and which experiences to prioritize, you’re not only planning a vacation, you’re setting the stage for a transformative journey through one of South America’s most captivating countries.
Ready to explore Peru with confidence? Use this travel to Peru guide to start planning your trip today.
Let our team of local experts help you build a fully customizable itinerary tailored to your pace, interests, and comfort. From curated cultural tours to authentic homestays and jungle escapes, we’ll ensure every detail is covered.
Contact us today to personalize your Peru itinerary and start planning your unforgettable adventure.